We acknowledge the people of the region, without whom there are no waiata, stories, or history.
Click on Iwi name to go to their website.
Ngāti Kuia Kurahaupō
Ngāti Apa
Rangitane
Ngāti Toa Tainui
Ngāti Koata
Ngāti Rārua
Ngāti Tama Tokomaru, Taranaki
Te Ati Awa Aotea or Kurahaupō, Taranaki
Brief history of Te Tau Ihu
Te Tau Ihu ō te Waka, Nelson region, has been settled since around 900 A.D., according to radio-carbon dating.
There is evidence of some hundreds of sites in Golden Bay and throughout the Nelson-Tasman region. People created a mobile lifestyle in order to take advantage of season food opportunities (fishing, birds, gardens). People traveled to trade various items (food, argillite, pounamu, etc). The Waimea plains was an important area for growing kumara. People added gravel, sand and wood ash to the soil to improve drainage and warm the soil.
The earliest iwi probably arrived from the North Island and included:
Rapuwai
Waitaha
Ngāti Wairangi
Hāwea
Ngāti Māmoe
ca. 1550 Ngāi Tara occupied the Waimea area
early 1600s Ngāti Tūmatakōkiri (Taupō) displaced Ngāi Tara, and occupied from Karamea to Whakapuaka (Wakapuaka?).
1642 Abel Tasman arrived.
FYI his crew blew horns to communicate with the Māori waka they came across. The Māori at the time (and in that area) used horns to communicate with other waka in order to stay away, or risk being attacked. Māori who didn't want to fight would not blow horns in return. Abel Tasman's crew unwittingly displayed hostile intent and therefore trouble occurred.
Late 1790s Ousted by Ngāi Tahu (West Coast), Ngāti Kuia and Rangitāne (eastern Nelson- Marlborough), and Ngāti Apa (assisted by forces Kurahaupō tribes) from Rangitīkei and Kapiti areas).
1828 - 1832 Kuia, Rangitane, Apa were displaced as mana whenua when defeated by Te Rauparaha's northern alliance war party: Toa, Koata, Rārua, Tama, Atiawa.
Te Rauparaha's war party were avenging an 1821 battle at Kawhia harbour: Toa, Koata and Rārua defeated by Tainui iwi (Waikato and Ngati Maniapoto). This was their utu on Kurahaupō iwi. The alliance conquered and settled some of the lower Te Ika ā Maui / North Island, and as far south as Kaiapoi and Okarito in Te Waipounamu / the South Island.
They agreed on division of land:
Ngāti Toa and some Ngāti Rārua
Wairau, Port Underwood, north Kaikoura coast.
Ngāti Atiawa
Queen Charlotte sound and the Tory Channel.
Ngāti Koata
Rangitoto (D'Urville), Croisilles, and outer Pelorus.
Ngāti Toa
Pelorus Valley and inner Sounds.
Ngāti Tama
Wakapuaka
Ngāti Rarua, Ngāti Atiawa and some Ngāti Tama
Motueka, Mohua, Te Tai Tapu (west coast of Farewell Spit).
The 1820s brought an influx of Europeans to Aotearoa, who traded and worked with Māori.
References:
https://teara.govt.nz/en/nelson-region/page-4
http://www.tasman.govt.nz/tasman/iwi/maori-history/
http://www.tasman.govt.nz/tasman/iwi/brief-iwi-history/
The Nelson City Council's website has other good information:
http://www.tasman.govt.nz/tasman/iwi/
Our goal is accuracy, please let me know if corrections or clarifications are necessary.
Ka kite
Damian Hardman
damian.hardman@birchwood.school.nz
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